Midwifery and Obstetrical Nursing Practice Questions 7/2025: Day 169

Your Path to Midwifery Mastery

Hey, future midwives! Are you ready to conquer NORCET, RRB, KGMU, SGPGI, DSSSB, or JIPMER in 2025? Day 169 at logyanlo.in brings you a Midwifery and Obstetrical Nursing Question Bank packed with high-yield notes on Diabetes in Pregnancy, Anemia in Pregnancy, Infection in Pregnancy, Multifetal Pregnancy, Hypertensive Disorder in Pregnancy, and Post-term Pregnancy. These topics are exam gold- straight from the heart of obstetrics! Let’s dive in and make these concepts your superpower. With our Nursing Test Series 2025, you’re not just studying- you’re building a foundation for top ranks!

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Why Midwifery and Obstetrical Nursing Matters

Midwifery is the backbone of maternal and fetal care, and it’s a big deal for nursing exams. Here’s why:

• Exam Weightage: 15–20% of NORCET and RRB questions focus on obstetrical complications.
• Clinical Relevance: From GDM to preeclampsia, these conditions shape maternal outcomes.
• Critical Thinking: Spotting risks like fetal distress or infection is a must.
• Your Edge: Mastering these topics sets you apart in SGPGI, JIPMER, and beyond.
  logyanlo.in’s Test Series is your ticket to acing 2025 with confidence!

Key Topics in Midwifery and Obstetrical Nursing

Diabetes in Pregnancy

Quick Fact

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is glucose intolerance first detected in pregnancy.

Complete Coverage

• Definition: Impaired glucose tolerance during pregnancy, typically in 2nd/3rd trimester (GDM); or pre-existing diabetes (T1DM/T2DM).
• Pathophysiology: Placental hormones (hPL, cortisol) increase insulin resistance; beta-cell dysfunction in GDM.
• Risk Factors: Obesity, family history of DM, PCOS, age >25, previous GDM.
• Diagnostics:
  • OGTT (Oral Glucose Tolerance Test): 1-hour (≥140 mg/dL), 2-hour (≥153 mg/dL).
  • HbA1c: >6.5% for pre-existing DM.
• Maternal Complications: Preeclampsia, polyhydramnios, cesarean delivery, T2DM later.
• Fetal Complications: Macrosomia (>4 kg), hypoglycemia, shoulder dystocia, RDS.
• Clinical Signs: Often asymptomatic; polyuria, polydipsia (if severe).
• Monitoring: Blood glucose (fasting <95 mg/dL, 2-hour postprandial <120 mg/dL).
• Exam Tip: Know OGTT cutoffs—NORCET loves these numbers!
• Why It Matters: Uncontrolled GDM risks maternal hypertension and fetal anomalies.

Anemia in Pregnancy

Quick Fact

Anemia in pregnancy is Hb <11 g/dL in 1st/3rd trimester, <10.5 g/dL in 2nd trimester.

Complete Coverage

• Definition: Reduced hemoglobin/oxygen-carrying capacity during pregnancy.
• Types:
  • Iron-deficiency anemia (most common, 75–80%).
  • Folate deficiency (neural tube defects).
  • Vitamin B12 deficiency (rare, pernicious anemia).
• Pathophysiology: Increased plasma volume dilutes RBCs; iron demand rises (fetal/placental needs).
• Clinical Signs: Fatigue, pallor, dyspnea, tachycardia, pica (iron deficiency).
• Diagnostics:
  • CBC: Hb <11 g/dL, low ferritin (<30 ng/mL).
  • Peripheral smear: Microcytic (iron), macrocytic (folate/B12).
• Maternal Risks: Preterm labor, postpartum hemorrhage, low energy reserves.
• Fetal Risks: IUGR, preterm birth, low birth weight.
• Lab Findings: MCV <80 fL (iron), >100 fL (folate/B12).
• Exam Pearl: Know Hb cutoffs and microcytic vs. macrocytic anemia for RRB.
• Why It Matters: Anemia worsens maternal fatigue and fetal growth.

Infection in Pregnancy

Quick Fact

Infections in pregnancy can harm both mother and fetus (e.g., TORCH).

Complete Coverage

• Definition: Maternal infections (viral, bacterial, parasitic) impacting pregnancy outcomes.
• Key Infections:
  • TORCH: Toxoplasmosis, Others (syphilis), Rubella, CMV, HSV.
  • GBS: Group B Streptococcus, risk of neonatal sepsis.
  • UTI: Common, can lead to pyelonephritis.
• Pathophysiology: Pathogens cross placenta or ascend vagina, causing fetal damage.
• Clinical Signs: Fever, rash (rubella), dysuria (UTI), preterm labor (GBS).
• Diagnostics:
  • Serology (IgM/IgG for TORCH).
  • GBS culture (rectovaginal swab, 35–37 weeks).
  • Urine culture (UTI).
• Maternal Complications: Sepsis, preterm labor, chorioamnionitis.
• Fetal Complications: Congenital anomalies (rubella), IUGR, stillbirth.
• Exam Focus: Know TORCH effects (e.g., CMV → microcephaly) for NORCET.
• Why It Matters: Early detection prevents fetal loss and neonatal morbidity.

Multifetal Pregnancy

Quick Fact

Multifetal pregnancy involves two or more fetuses (e.g., twins).

Complete Coverage

• Definition: Pregnancy with multiple fetuses (twins, triplets); monozygotic or dizygotic.
• Types:
  • Monozygotic (identical): Single fertilized egg splits.
  • Dizygotic (fraternal): Multiple eggs fertilized.
• Pathophysiology: Increased placental demand, uterine distension, higher hormone levels.
• Risk Factors: ART (IVF), maternal age >35, family history.
• Clinical Signs: Rapid uterine growth, excessive weight gain, polyhydramnios.
• Diagnostics: Ultrasound (number of placentas, amniotic sacs—dichorionic vs. monochorionic).
• Complications:
  • Maternal: Preeclampsia, GDM, preterm labor.
  • Fetal: Twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS), IUGR, prematurity.
• Monitoring: Frequent ultrasounds, Doppler for TTTS (monochorionic twins).
• Exam Tip: Know TTTS and monochorionic risks for SGPGI questions.
• Why It Matters: Higher risk of preterm delivery and maternal complications.

Hypertensive Disorder in Pregnancy

Quick Fact

Preeclampsia is hypertension with proteinuria after 20 weeks’ gestation.

Complete Coverage

• Definition: Hypertension (BP ≥140/90 mmHg) in pregnancy; includes gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, eclampsia.
• Types:
  • Gestational hypertension: BP elevation without proteinuria.
  • Preeclampsia: BP ≥140/90 + proteinuria (>300 mg/24h).
  • Eclampsia: Preeclampsia + seizures.
  • Chronic hypertension: Pre-existing BP elevation.
• Pathophysiology: Placental ischemia → endothelial dysfunction → vasoconstriction, proteinuria.
• Clinical Signs: Edema, headache, visual changes, epigastric pain (preeclampsia).
• Diagnostics:
  • BP measurement, urine protein (dipstick or 24-hour collection).
  • Labs: LFTs (↑ AST/ALT), platelets (<100,000/µL in HELLP).
• Maternal Complications: Stroke, renal failure, HELLP syndrome.
• Fetal Complications: IUGR, placental abruption, preterm birth.
• Monitoring: BP, fetal growth, urine protein, kick counts.
• Exam Pearl: Know preeclampsia criteria and HELLP syndrome for NORCET.
• Why It Matters: Leading cause of maternal/fetal morbidity.

Post-term Pregnancy

Quick Fact

Post-term pregnancy extends beyond 42 weeks’ gestation.

Complete Coverage

• Definition: Pregnancy ≥42 weeks (294 days) from LMP.
• Incidence: ~5–10% of pregnancies.
• Risk Factors: Primiparity, previous post-term pregnancy, obesity, male fetus.
• Pathophysiology: Aging placenta → reduced oxygen/nutrient transfer.
• Clinical Signs: Decreased fetal movements, oligohydramnios, large fetus.
• Diagnostics:
  • Ultrasound: Amniotic fluid index (AFI <5 cm = oligohydramnios).
  • Non-stress test (NST): Assess fetal heart rate reactivity.
• Complications:
  • Maternal: Prolonged labor, cesarean delivery.
  • Fetal: Meconium aspiration, stillbirth, macrosomia.
• Monitoring: Biophysical profile (BPP), Doppler velocimetry (umbilical artery).
• Exam Tip: Know post-term risks (meconium aspiration) for RRB questions.
• Why It Matters: Increased fetal mortality after 42 weeks.

Why logyanlo.in?

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• Free NORCET & RRB 2025 question banks with crystal-clear notes.
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• Mock tests tailored for KGMU, SGPGI, DSSSB, JIPMER.
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Conclusion: Your 2025 Triumph Awaits

Ready to ace NORCET & RRB 2025? Day 169’s Midwifery and Obstetrical Nursing Question Bank at logyanlo.in is your key to mastering diabetes, anemia, infections, multifetal pregnancy, hypertensive disorders, and post-term pregnancy. These notes are crafted to make you exam-ready with no fluff—just pure, rank-winning content! Dive into our Daily Question Bank for free practice and claim your top spot!

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